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Journal of archaeology and ancient architecture

Tag Archives: Parthian empire

Reinterpreting Hatra: Tracing Nature-Based and Resilient Design Principles in Ancient Urban forms

Authors: E. Foietta, M. Negrello

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This paper analyzes and re-evaluates the archaeological and historical data related to the ancient city of Hatra, in northern Mesopotamia (2nd–3rd century CE), considering recent architectural studies and approaches focusing primarily on the concepts of nature-based solutions, resilience, and environmental adaptability. This comparative and dialogic approach, which can also be applied to other ancient sites, demonstrates how certain categories within the lexicon of urban layout and architectural design have deep historical roots, extending through traditional or vernacular architecture and converging with archaeology. At the same time, recent architectural and ethnoarchaeological studies, particularly those related to environmental adaptation and strategies for living in climatically challenging contexts, can provide valuable tools for a deeper understanding of these ancient sites. This work, to be considered as preliminary, aims to encourage further studies following this approach and to also promote the (re)use of ancient construction techniques and methods that remain effective today, for example, in the design and development of structures and buildings for archaeological parks.

Khirbet Jaddalah and its land. A study of the military landscape in the eastern part of the Kingdom of Hatra (2nd – 3rd cent. AD)

Author: E. Foietta

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This paper concerns a general revaluation of the ‘fortified palace’ of Khirbet Jaddalah (Iraq), constructed between Hatra and Ashur during the 2nd and 3rd cent. AD. The site has been studied in strict relation with its close landscape (20 x 20 km) for the presence of many archaeological occurrences, especially square forts. The settlement pattern, the location of the fortified structures, the characteristics of the society and of the environment of the Kingdom of Hatra support the employment of a defence in-depht strategy against the idea of a borders’ linear defence.

New Considerations and Data regarding the North Border of the Kingdom of Hatra (North Mesopotamia) during the 2nd and 3rd cent. AD

Author: E. Foietta

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This paper regards the study of the north border of the Kingdom of Hatra, which corresponds to one of the hottest war scenario between the Roman and Parthian empires during the 2nd and the first decades of the 3rd cent. AD, before the new alliance against the Sasanians.